Facilitation 

The words, actions, and gestures of the facilitator all impact upon group dynamics. For example, lack of enthusiasm on the part of the tutor can be contagious. Students are sensitive to a tutor's lack of interest and may disengage. On the other hand enthusiasm and passion for a subject can lift a group, even one that is tired and lacking in motivation. A facilitator needs to be able to read the mood and temperament of a group and decide which activities best match the circumstances. If a facilitator has built up a good rapport with the group, students should feel free to suggest alternative exercises or methodologies, and assuming a consensus is reached, these suggestions can be adopted.

There are many aspects to the facilitation process. Effective facilitation requires:

	Fulfilling the role of guide, not leader
	Establishing boundaries /rules for class behaviour, conflict, etc.
	Cultivating an atmosphere of respect
	Understanding personal learning styles and adult learning principles
	Understanding group dynamics
	Building group confidence
	Guiding and managing group interaction
	Understanding diversity/cultural differences
	Organising content, designing structured activities and processes
	Active listening, paraphrasing, observing, clarifying and elaborating
	Interpreting verbal and non-verbal behaviour
	Confronting dissension and managing differences, conflict resolution
	Collaborating with others; promoting participation/inclusion
	Analysing students queries and responses accurately and rapidly
	Organising, summarising and connecting data
	Thinking and speaking clearly
	Keeping focused on the process and achieving its desired outcomes
	Giving and receiving feedback
	Utilising questioning strategies and a range of activities including quizzes or role plays
	Incorporating evaluation mechanisms
	Maintaining a good sense of humour - creating a light hearted atmosphere